Wide flange beams (or W-beams) have a wider flange that is closer in width to the height of the web. The result is a cross-section that more resembles an uppercase H than an I. Unlike an I-beam, the flanges are a uniform shape and have a similar thickness web and flange.
This design enables a W-beam to distribute loads over a wider area making them suitable for use as a beam or column in any size of construction including large buildings and bridges.
W-beams, like I-beams, are made by drawing molten steel through a sequence of dies and rollers that form the shape. This shape results in a slightly chamfered connection between the flange and web which helps increase the beam's uniform strength and multi-directional force resistance.
This type of beam is very similar to the W-beam in that it has wide flanges that create a cross-section resembling an H. The difference is how they are manufactured.
H-beams are normally built up from three lengths of steel-two flanges and a web-that are welded together along the junction. The welding process is done either manually or by rolling the three lengths of steel through a die that holds them in place and a weld is made across the entire length of the beam.
Welded beams are considered to be up to 20% stronger than a drawn beam.
The American Standard S-beam is a structural steel beam that is very similar to an I-beam with one big difference. The flanges are tapered-a 1:10 inclination-with a thicker cross-section towards the center where the flange (horizontal) meets the web (vertical). This makes for a lightweight member that has high load bearing capacity.
They are very resistant to bending and shear loads which is why they are often used in crane manufacture. The tapered flange provides higher wheel load capabilities for the trolley meaning that it can lift heavier loads than a hoist built using an I-beam.
