P235GH Boiler Steel Plate – Properties & Grade Selection Guide

P235GH Steel Plate Introduction

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P235GH is a non-alloy quality steel specified under the European standard EN 10028-2, engineered specifically for boilers and pressure vessels operating at elevated temperatures. Its numerical designation under the European steel numbering system is 1.0345.

The grade designation breaks down as follows:

• P: Pressure - designates steel specifically intended for pressure-retaining equipment.
• 235: Minimum Yield Strength - specifies a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa for nominal plate thicknesses ≤16mm.
• GH: Elevated Temperature & Weldability - indicates guaranteed mechanical properties at elevated service temperatures combined with superior weldability.

 

Parameter	Specification
Thickness range	5 – 300 mm
Standard width	1,500 – 4,050 mm
Standard length	3,000 – 18,000 mm

 

 

Element	P235GH
C (max)	0.16
Si (max)	0.35
Mn	0.60–1.20
P (max)	0.025
S (max)	0.015
Al (min)	0.020
N (max)	0.012
Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni (max each)	0.30 / 0.30 / 0.08 / 0.30
Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni (max)	0.70

 

 

Grade		P235GH Mechanical Property
	Thickness	Yield	Tensilmie	Elongation	Impact Energy(KV J) min
P235GH	mm	Min Mpa	Mpa	Min %	-20°	0°	+20°
	≤ 16	235	360-480	24	27	34	40
	16> to ≤40	225	360-480	24	27	34	40
	40> to ≤60	215	360-480	24	27	34	40
	60> to ≤100	200	360-480	24	27	34	40
	100> to ≤150	185	350-480	24	27	34	40
	150> to ≤250	170	340-480	24	27	34	40

 

 

Thickness			Diameter		Length
1-1/4 inch			18 inch O.D.		4 inch-0 inch
7/8 inch			18 inch O.D.		10 inch -0 inch
1 inch			20 inch O.D.		10 inch-0 inch
1/2 inch			20 inch O.D.		12 inch-0 inch
2-3/4 inch			24 inch O.D.		10 inch-0 inch
2 inch			20 inch O.D.		3 inch-0 inch
3/4 inch			30 inch O.D.		12'-0 inch
3 inch			24 inch O.D.		6 inch-0 inch
4-1/2 inch			30 inch I.D.		5 inch-0 inch
4 inch			30 inch I.D.		10 inch-0 inch
7 inch			60 inch I.D.		12 inch-0 inch
6-1/8 inch			48 inch I.D.		12 inch-0 inch
10 inch			84 inch I.D.		10 inch-0 inch
9 inch			72 inch I.D.		12 inch-0 inch

 

 

Parameter	P235GH
Delivery condition	+N (standard) / +AR (by agreement)
Normalization temperature	890–950°C
Hot forming temperature	850–1,100°C
Preheat (t > 20 mm)	100–150°C
PWHT temperature	580–620°C
Max interpass temperature	250°C
Max CEV (heat analysis)	0.41
Thickness range available	5–300 mm
Mechanical properties coverage	up to 250 mm

 

 

Selection Factor	P235GH is Preferred When...
Pressure rating	Low to medium pressure vessels are designed
Welding workload	Heavy welding is involved - lower CEV reduces cracking risk
Formability	Deep forming, flanging, or dishing is required - higher elongation (≥24%)
Cost sensitivity	Lower cost per ton is advantageous when wall thickness is not critical
Operating temperature	Service temperature up to ~400°C (P235GH Rp0.2 data covers up to 400°C)
Low-temperature toughness	Impact toughness at -20°C is required (≥ 27 J transverse)

 

Cost & Market Positioning of EN 10028 P235GH

P235GH occupies a well-defined position in the global pressure vessel steel market:

Price competitiveness: As a simple non-alloy carbon steel with minimal alloying additions, P235GH is among the most cost-effective pressure vessel grades. Its production requires no expensive alloying elements (unlike 16Mo3's molybdenum), and its chemistry is readily achieved in standard basic oxygen or electric arc furnace steelmaking.

Supply availability: P235GH is produced by virtually all major European and Asian steel mills that manufacture pressure vessel plate. Wide availability means competitive pricing, shorter lead times (typically 4–8 weeks for standard sizes), and reliable supply chains for export projects.

Market positioning: P235GH is positioned as the "baseline" pressure vessel grade - the default choice when no specific high-strength or high-temperature requirement dictates a higher grade. It serves as the reference point against which other grades are evaluated for cost-benefit trade-offs.

Regional preferences: P235GH is most commonly specified in European, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian markets following EN standards. In North American markets, ASTM A285 Gr.C or A516 Gr.55/60 are more commonly used, though P235GH is accepted in dual-standard or EN-compliant projects. In China, the near-equivalent Q245R (GB 713) dominates the domestic market.

Lead time consideration: Standard thicknesses (8–50 mm) and common widths (1,500–2,500 mm) are typically available from mill stock or rolling schedules within 2–4 weeks. Heavy plates (>100 mm) or special widths (>3,000 mm) may require dedicated rolling campaigns with 6–12 week lead times. Project buyers should plan accordingly and consider advance booking of rolling slots for large-volume orders.

 

Key Industry Applications of EN 10028 P235GH Steel Plate

EN 10028-2 P235GH steel plate is extensively specified across the petrochemical, power generation, and energy sectors. Renowned for its exceptional ductility, notch toughness, cold-forming capability, and superior weldability, this grade is widely utilized in the fabrication of critical pressure-retaining components, including:

• Process reactors and pressure vessels
• Shell-and-tube heat exchangers
• Gas/liquid separators and knock-out drums
• Spherical storage tanks (LPG/LNG)
• High-pressure boiler drums and steam headers
• Secondary containment structures for nuclear reactor pressure vessels

 

Why Choose GNEE Steel?

1. We offer cutting (plasma/flame/laser), leveling, bending, drilling, beveling, sandblasting, and corrosion protection. We can process finished components according to drawings for direct customer assembly upon receipt.
2. Small free samples can be provided for composition/mechanical testing; 12-month warranty, replacement and refund for non-human-caused quality issues.
3. Our exclusive export standard packaging includes: waterproof film + moisture-proof paper + solid wood pallet + corner protectors.

 

FAQ

Why choose P235GH over P265GH?

A: P235GH has lower carbon content (≤0.16% vs ≤0.20%) and a marginally lower carbon equivalent, giving it slightly better weldability and formability. It also has higher elongation (≥24% vs ≥22%). P235GH is preferred for low-to-medium pressure applications where welding and forming are critical. P265GH is preferred when higher yield strength enables thinner walls and weight savings.

Q: Can P235GH plates be welded to P265GH?

A: Yes. Since both are non-alloy steels with similar chemistry from the same EN 10028-2 standard, dissimilar welding is commonly performed using standard procedures. Filler metal selection should be based on the lower-strength base metal (P235GH) unless the joint design requires matching P265GH properties.

Q: Are P235GH and P265GH interchangeable?

A: No. They have different strength ratings (235 vs 265 MPa yield). Substituting one for the other requires engineering review and may affect wall thickness calculations, design margin, and code compliance. Always follow the grade specified in the approved design.

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